Mental Health Policy in Brazil and Paraguay: symmetries and asymmetries

O objetivo deste estudo é apresentar e caracterizar o processo de implementação das Políticas de Saúde Mental no Brasil e no Paraguai a partir da lógica proposta pelo Policy Cycle: identificação do problema; conformação da agenda; formulação; implementação e avaliação da política.De maneira a atingir os objetivos propostos, realizou-se uma ampla revisão bibliográfica, pesquisa documental e análise de conteúdo no tratamento dos dados. Os resultados da pesquisa indicam que o processo de implementação no Brasil e no Paraguai vem se consolidando de maneira gradativa através de redes de atenção, a Rede de Atenção Psicossocial (RAPS), no caso do Brasil, e das Redes Integradas de Sistemas de Saúde/Linha de Cuidados em Saúde Mental (RISS) no Paraguai, apresentando simetrias e assimetrias nos seus processos de institucionalização.This article presents and characterises the implementation of Mental Health Policy in Brazil and Paraguay based on Policy Cycle logic; Problem identification; forming the agenda; formulation; implementation and evaluation. To achieve this objective a wide bibliographical review, documentary research and data content analysis were carried out. The results of the research indicate that the implementation process in Brazil and Paraguay has gradually been consolidated across treatment networks and the Network of Psychosocial Care (RAPS), in the case of Brazil, and the Integrated Networks of Health Systems/Care Line in Mental Health (RISS) in Paraguay, presenting both symmetries and asymmetries apparent in the process of institutionalisatio

Myriam Krasilchik: uma vida dedicada à Universidade de São Paulo

The text presents an interview with Myriam Krasilchik, Professor Emeritus of the Department of Teaching Methodology and Comparative Education of the Faculty of Education of the USP, and took place on the occasion of the celebrations of 50 years of the Faculty of Education and 60 years of the School of Application of the USP, that took place in 2019. Considering his remarkable dedication to the University of São Paulo and relevance of research in Science and Biology Teaching, which provided him with the recognition, also, among Basic Education teachers, we seek, based on the memories shared with us, we get to know their most memorable memories when student from the Natural History course at the former Faculty of Philosophy, Letters and Sciences (FFLC) and those from when she became a higher education professor doing her post-graduate course while still working as a university professor. The teacher had a prominent and remarkable role in the unit, contributing to the training of an entire generation of researchers in the area of Science Teaching and to the creation of the successful Teaching Improvement Program (PAE), which still contributes to pedagogical training of graduate students. In addition, she was the first woman to hold the position of manager of the unit and vice-rector of the university. Taking advantage of her vast institutional experience, we also question her about her expectations regarding today’s university.O texto apresenta entrevista realizada com Myriam Krasilchik, Professora Emérita do Departamento de Metodologia do Ensino e Educação Comparada da Faculdade de Educação da Universidade de São Paulo (FE-USP), feita por ocasião das comemorações de 50 anos da Faculdade de Educação e 60 anos da Escola de Aplicação da USP, ocorridas no ano de 2019. Considerando sua notável dedicação à Universidade de São Paulo e a relevância das pesquisas em Ensino de Ciências e Biologia, que lhe proporcionaram o reconhecimento, também, entre os professores de Educação Básica, buscamos, a partir das memórias compartilhadas conosco, conhecermos suas lembranças mais marcantes quando aluna do curso de História Natural da antiga Faculdade de Filosofia, Letras e Ciências da USP (FFLC) e aquelas de quando se tornou docente do ensino superior, realizando a pós-graduação já em exercício como professora universitária. A docente teve papel destacado e marcante na Faculdade de Educação, contribuindo para a formação de toda uma geração de pesquisadores da área de Ensino de Ciências e para a criação do bemsucedido Programa de Aperfeiçoamento do Ensino (PAE), que até hoje contribui para a formação pedagógica de estudantes de pós-graduação. Além disso, foi a primeira mulher a ocupar o cargo de gestora da unidade e de vice-reitora da universidade. Aproveitamonos de sua vasta experiência institucional para, também, questioná-la acerca de suas expectativas em relação à universidade de hoje

The search for yellow fever virus vaccine in breast milk of inadvertently vaccinated women in Brazil

Eleven lactating women were inadvertently vaccinated with 17DD yellow fever vaccine in a small city of Sao Paulo State, Brazil. Their infants were being exclusively breast-fed and the breastfeeding was interrupted for 10 days. Serum and breastmilk were collected from the vaccinated mothers and tested for the presence of genomic RNA of the vaccine strain 8, 10 and 15 days after vaccination. Viral RNA was not detected in any of the serum and human milk samples tested and the infants remained asymptomatic. Our result strengthens the effectineness of stopping breastfeeding for 10 days after the inadvertent yellow fever vaccination of lactating women

Effect of Sodium Thiosulfate on Interfacial Adaptation and Penetration of an Epoxy Resin-Based Root Canal Sealer

Introduction: Our study evaluated the impact of sodium thiosulfate (ST) irrigation, subsequent to sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) and just before root canal filling, on the filling quality (interfacial adaptation and penetration segment) of an epoxy resin-based root canal sealer. Methods and Materials: Twenty single-rooted human teeth were prepared with the ProTaper system. The specimens were then divided into the following groups: 5.25% NaOCl irrigation (NaOCl group) and 5.25% NaOCl irrigation+0.5% sodium thiosulfate (NaOCl+ST group). The root canals were filled using single-cone technique with ProTaper F3 cones and AH-Plus sealer, labeled with rhodamine B dye to allow analysis under a confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). All samples were sectioned at 2, 4, and 6 mm from the apex and prepared for CLSM analysis. The percentage of voids, gaps and dentinal sealer penetration segment of the canal were calculated at the apical, middle and coronal thirds. The non-parametric Mann-Whitney statistical test was used at 5% significance level. Results: Higher percentage of gaps and voids were observed at all root thirds of the NaOCl group when compared to the NaOCl+ST group (P<0.05). There was a significant increase in the penetration segment of NaOCl+ST group at the coronal and middle root third when compared to the NaOCl group (P<0.05). Conclusion: Our in vitro results showed that the use of ST as an antioxidant agent after NaOCl irrigation promoted a better interfacial adaptation and penetration of epoxy resin-based root canal fillings

Sealing ability promoted by three different endodontic sealers

Introduction: The aim of this study was to evaluate the apical and coronal sealing of endodontic fillings promoted by the associations of Sealer 26/Gutta-percha, Endofill/Gutta-percha and Resilon/ Epiphany. Materials and Methods: It was used 38 human canines, 10 teeth for each test group and 4 teeth for each control group. After teeth conventional endodontic treatment, they were immersed in saline solution for thirty days, sealed and stored in India ink for seven days. Then were submitted to a clearing technique and evaluated for infiltration by stereoscopic microscope. The data were statistically analyzed by ANOVA and Bonferroni tests. Results: The results showed no significant differences (p> 0.05) between the three groups of filling materials used. Conclusion: Considering the limitations of this in vitro study, it seems that no material showed superiority related to the ability of apical and coronary sealing

Cytotoxicity of Reparative Endodontic Cements on Human Periodontal Ligament Stem Cells

Objective: To compare the cytotoxicity of commercial reparative endodontic cements on human periodontal ligament stem cells (hPDLSCs). Material and Methods: The culture of hPDLSCs was established. Cell density was set at 2 × 104 cells/well in 96-well plates. Extracts of Biodentine, Bio-C Repair, Cimmo HD, MTA Repair HP and White MTA were prepared. Then, the extracts were diluted (pure, 1:4 and 1:16) and inserted into cell-seeded wells for 24, 48, and 72 h to assess cell viability through MTT assay. hPDLSCs incubated with culture medium alone served as a negative control group. Data were analyzed by Two-Way ANOVA and Tukey’s test (α=0.05). Results: At 24 h, pure extract of MTA Repair HP and Biodentine 1:16 presented higher cell viability compared to control. Lower cell viability was found for pure extract of Cimmo HD, MTA Repair HP 1:4 and 1:16, and White MTA 1:16. At 48 h, pure extract of Bio-C Repair and MTA Repair HP presented higher cell viability compared to control. At 72 h, only the pure extract of MTA Repair HP led to higher cell proliferation compared to control. Conclusion: Biodentine, Bio-C Repair and MTA Repair HP were able to induce hPDLSCs proliferation. Cimmo HD and White MTA were found to be mostly cytotoxic in hPDLSCs

Actions of protection for children and teenagers in situations of violence

Objective: The study aimed to analyze the welfare protection actions carried out to children and teenagers in situations of violence. Method: It’s a quantitative study conducted in the municipality of Jequié, Bahia, with the collaboration of 29 professionals from The Guardianship Council, The Welfare Reference Center, Women’s Police Station and four units of Family Health. The data were collected in 2012 through semistructured interview. A thematic content analysis was used for data processing. Results: The results showed two categories: prevention and educational campaigns where guidance and management of situations of violence, highlighting that the reporting of cases of violence is still not prioritized. Conclusion: Despite the actions taken by each service are complementary, professionals still do not carry out the networking. We emphasize the need for training of professional care services to develop more effective and coordinated interventions to face up the violence against children and adolescents

Spatio-temporal dynamics of dengue-related deaths and associated factors

Since the reintroduction of dengue viruses in 1987, Sao Paulo State (SP), Brazil, has experienced recurrent epidemics in a growing number of municipalities, each time with more cases and deaths. In the present study, we investigated the spatio-temporal dynamics of dengue-related deaths and associated factors in SP. This was an ecological study with spatial and temporal components, based on notified dengue-related deaths in the municipalities of SP between 2007 and 2017. A latent Gaussian Bayesian model with Poisson probability distribution was used to estimate the standardized mortality ratios (SMR) for dengue and relative risks (RR) for the socioeconomic, demographic, healthcare-related, and epidemiological factors considered. Epidemiological factors included the annual information on the number of circulating serotypes. A total of 1,019 dengue-related deaths (0.22 per 100,000 inhabitant-years) between 2007 and 2017 were confirmed in SP by laboratory testing. Mortality increased with age, peaking at 70 years or older (1.41 deaths per 100,000 inhabitant-years). Mortality was highest in 2015, and the highest SMR values were found in the North, Northwest, West, and coastal regions of SP. An increase of one circulating serotype, one standard deviation in the number of years with cases, and one standard deviation in the degree of urbanization were associated with increases of 75, 35, and 45% in the risk of death from dengue, respectively. The risk of death from dengue increased with age, and the distribution of deaths was heterogeneous in space and time. The positive relationship found between the number of dengue serotypes circulating and years with cases at the municipality/micro-region level indicates that this information can be used to identify risk areas, intensify surveillance and control measures, and organize healthcare to better respond to this disease